In this study, the influence of rapid mixing and associated mixing energy on floc aggregation was examined for a surface water source characterized. After employing the flocculation process, the coagulated particles form a large agglomeration, which is also known as. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment powerpoint presentation free to download id. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation what is the difference between coagulation and flocculation coagulation mostly happen in. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes.
Coagulation control techniques have ad vanced slowly. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. What is the difference between hemostasis and coagulation. Its used in the first stage of solidsliquids separation. Allow adequate contact between the coagulant and particles. Electrocoagulation ec and chemical coagulation cc are employed in water treatment for particle removal. On the interface between the strenlayer and the diffuse layer there is. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation free download as word doc. Surface flocculation as a new tool for controlling. Coagulants typically adopted for water treatment are inorganic iron and aluminum salts. In general, the advantages of natural polymers are that they are virtually free of toxins, biodegradable in the environment and the raw products are often locally. The difference between these two categories is as follows.
The only difference is that the sedimentation process or step is omitted from. Learn about coagulation of colloids, electrophoresis, water in oil emulsion, oil in water emulsion, associated colloids and more. Coagulation or flocculation of colloids pt i youtube. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. Many plant operators re member when dosage control was based upon a visual evaluation of the flocculation basin and the clarifier. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Thus, coagulation and flocculation techniques are employed for separating these impurities from water. L adsorption of dye molecules on specific sites which are incapable of further adsorption after saturation rattee and breuer 1974. Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. All poly floc for the best coagulation and flocculation. Coagulationflocculation is a widely used technology which separates impurities from polluted water bodies. The terms coagulation and flocculation are two separate processes, contrary to common usage. Flocculation i flotation flotation, using micro air bubbles, removes suspended solids as well as free oil, fat and grease. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed.
Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation coalescence. Coagulation or flocculation of colloids pt i anand rai. The flocculation basin is to be divided into 3 sections of equal volume, each section having constant velocity gradients of 50, 35, 25 s1, respectively. Surface flocculation for controlling adsorption processes 887 l coagulation or flocculation of particles in solution using a flocculating agent followed by adsorption.
Flocculation and coagulation floc forming and particle settling duration. The significance of coagulation flocculation in the area of water and wastewater treatment. The rest of the tested natural coagulants did not show significant difference in turbidity. Influence of the mixing energy consumption affecting.
Terms like flocculation, aggregation, precipitation, dispersion, coacervation, f and coagulation have all been used to describe these state changes depending on reversibility, exact circumstances, and preferred terminology of the time. Many plant operators remember when dosage control was based upon a visual evaluation of the flocculation. Enhanced coagulationflocculation performance of iron. Comparator for the evaluation of floc size index in coagulation tests. Coagulation and flocculation, second edition surfactant. In wastewater treatment these clarification aids help with the removal of other contaminants such as oil, phosphate and heavy metals.
Although the traditional classification of the coagulation system into extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is still valid, the newer insights into coagulation provide more authentic description of the same. Pdf the aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulation flocculation. Hydrophobic colloids are charged particles surrounded by a cloud of opposite and equally charged ions g. This solid mass is often called curd, gel or the coagulum. The removal of nv by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes based on rtpcr assay in this study was 1. For raw water applications, polymer products help to eliminate. Synergy between membrane filtration and flocculation for. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment chemicals are used to remove iron, suspended solids, organic color, and hardness from influent water. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and. Coagulations and flocculation water treatment suez. Coagulation and flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation. Use the spadns 2 arsenicfree or fluoride electrode to measure fluoride.
This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Pdf all waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. In addition to albase coagulants, febased coagulants such as fe 2 so 4 3 and fecl 3 have been increasingly favored due to their nontoxicity, larger flocs size, superior. Waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Flocculation and coalescence of oilinwarer emulsions volume 248 j. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. The potential difference between the plates is v and the space. The processes of flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration should be used with coagulation to reduce suspended solids and turbidity. During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles.
Coagulation of colloids methods associated colloids. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. The coagulationflocculation processes facilitate the removal of ss and colloidal particles. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Flocculation definition, to form into flocculent masses. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Main difference coagulation vs flocculation coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water.
Emulsions of proteins, carbohydrates and fats can be transformed into removable flocs by means of coagulation destabilisation and flocculation conglomeration of destabilised particles. Flocculation has a precise meaning in water engineering. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Between ph 6 and 8, physical enmesh ment or sweep flocculation or sweep coagulation by aluminum hydroxide or mutual coagulation between positively charged aluminum hydroxide colloids and negatively charged clay particles were concluded to be the mechanisms involved. Adobe acrobat dc reader is a free computer software program and you. Disperse chemicals uniformly throughout the mixing basin. Tlc recommends that you download and save this pdf document and. Pdf the aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulationflocculation. Coagulation is a dynamic process and the understanding of the blood coagulation system has evolved over the recent years in anaesthetic practice. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation control techniques have advanced slowly. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1.
The art of flocculation and coagulation has a lot more science than meets the eye. Coagulation is the pushoffthecliff that turns milk into cheese. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and. A new way to treat the waste water 105 2sulfoethyl methacrylate is of limited commercial value owing to the hydrolytic instability of the ester linkage. A variety of flocculants and coagulants is available, with different chemistries, molecular weights, charge ratios, and other attributes. Coagulants and polymers the coagulation process includes using primary coagulants and may include the addition of coagulant andor filter aids. Flocculation and coalescence of oilinwarer emulsions. Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant.
Although both are used for similar purposes, they differ in their dosing method in ec the coagulant is added by electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, while in cc dissolution of a chemical coagulant is used. Concepts like gelation understood as partial coagulation that captured reversible changes in the state. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5. Prospects and challenges of using coagulationflocculation. Coagulation is achieved by neutralizing the particles and thus, the repelling force between the particles is greatly reduced. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking.
Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. Overview of the coagulation system pubmed central pmc. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking. This article investigates the differences between purified, distilled and regular water to find out which one is the best choice for hydration. Filtrationflocculation was thus successfully conducted in both deadend and in dynamic filtration under optimalsuboptimal flocculation conditions, verifying a strong synergy between membrane filtration and flocculation, thereby avoiding the use of the traditional harvesting method of centrifugation, reducing the energy cost as well as. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical. Coagulation and flocculation occurs in successive steps, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. A new way to treat the waste water tridib tripathy1 and bhudeb ranjan de2 1 narajole raj college, narajole, paschim medinipur 2 department of chemistry, vidyasagar university, paschim medinipur received 7 november, 2006. Chapter 3c water treatment coagulation and flocculation. The timber baffles have a roughness coefficient of 0. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications.
1290 363 166 939 662 1563 504 1468 433 612 874 1225 283 1449 36 866 781 84 749 1113 706 1542 1561 554 1521 872 141 591 1211 450 1294 1254 1093 198 1363 1259 665 1276 1448 1248 601 1050 201 1309 1356 765 1355 1376 617